Introduction to Criminal Justice Essay

The national official official official malefactor referee remains comprise of national official courts, corrections, and justness enforcement agencies. The United States Attorneys is the primary agency taking charge of cases involving the U. S. government as a party and in collecting debt owed to the federal official government. The federal judiciary has a ir responsible for(p) Court, appellate courts, and trial or regulate courts. federal impartiality enforcement agencies derive their permit from the U. S. Constitution and federal justices while the produce virtue enforcement obtains authorization from the situate musical composition and legislations.The difference in source of ascendency, which determines legal force out and business office, determines whether a condemnable case is a federal or nation matter. national Criminal Justice System The sorry justice system in the States today comprise of courts, corrections and police force enforcement oper ating at the topical anaesthetic, state and federal level (Samaha, 2006). These tiers of decision-making operate independently agree to the scope of their legal powers. The discussion focuses on the federal level relative to the local and state levels.The U. S.Department of Justice comprises the primary abominable investigative and honor enforcement agency at the federal level. The stead of the United States Attorneys, which waterfall chthonic the U. S. Department of Justice, comprise the headway litigators assigned to judicial governs, within which all(prenominal) Unite States Attorney exercise the role as the chief federal law enforcement officer for the United States. The United States Attorneys Office mainly prosecutes cases involving the United States as a party and collect debt owed to the U. S. ederal government as provided by Title 28, Section 547 of the U. S. Code. (United States Attorneys, 2009) The federal judiciary or court system emerged from Article III of U . S. Constitution. This has three tiers of decision-making. At the top is the U. S. Supreme Court comprised of the boss Justice and eight associate justices handling cases involving important constitutional or federal questions of law that originated in the state or the federal courts. In the middle is the appellate court, made-up of 94 judicial districts pooled into 12 regional circuits.The U. S. Court of Appeals in any circuit handles appealed cases coming from the district courts or federal administrative agencies as nearly as handles appeals of supererogatory cases. At the inflict level is the trial court comprised of the district courts, with brutal and civil jurisdiction. The Court of multinational Trade and the U. S. Court of Federal Claims ar special trial courts. (Samaha, 2006 Understanding the federal courts, 2009) Federal law enforcement agencies derive their dictum from the U. S.Constitution.Article 1, Section 8 provides the power of sexual intercourse to or der laws needed in executing governmental powers. The constitutional powers of relation accords federal law enforcement agencies with the authority to operate. Whenever, Congress enacts a statute, it designates the federal agency responsible for enforcement of this law. The provisions of the enacted laws assigned for enforcement to federal agencies demo the limit and scope of the authority of the federal agencies. (May et al. , 2008)The difference in the role of federal agents and state or local law enforcement officers lies in the jurisdiction and scope of authority. A federal agent has a wider jurisdiction but with a narrower scope of authority determined by federal statutes. Federal law emanates from the constitution that empowers the U. S. Congress to enact laws at the federal level. State or local law enforcement officers have narrower jurisdiction limited only to the boundaries of the state or locality but with broader scope of authority back the enforcement of all laws appl icable to the state or locality.State/local laws distinguish from the state legislatures obtaining authority from the state constitution. (May et al. , 2008) probe or prosecution of a offensive is a federal matter when the condemnable act or issue atomic number 18 covered by federal law or the U. S. Constitution, the U. S. government is a party, special cases within the authority of the federal law justice system, and other cases within federal question jurisdiction. A crime is to a lower place state jurisdiction in cases violating the criminal laws of the state.The state holds broad jurisdiction of several(a) cases but with the exception of those falling under the exclusive statutory jurisdiction of the federal courts. (May et al. , 2008) It makes sense to have dual criminal statutes in the federal and state systems covering the same offense. In case of joint jurisdiction over an offense, such as discrimination in employment, the parties can prefer to file in case in feder al or state courts. at that place are also ways of distinguishing jurisdiction such as the diversity jurisdiction of the federal courts in cases involving residents of two diametric states over a controversy amounting to to a greater extent than $75,000 dollars. (May et al. , 2008) The federal criminal justice system operates independently from state and local criminal justice by having its constitutional and federal statute determined jurisdiction. However, it has links with local and state criminal justice in hearing appeals of cases originating from the state courts on case of pertinent issues of law.