The Impact of Ideas in Pearl Harbor and the Coming of Pacific War by Essay

The Impact of Ideas in Pearl Harbor and the Coming of Pacific War by Akira Iriye - Essay Example The interment can likewise be viewed as clear demonstration of bigotry, maybe the most careful and broadly acknowledged acts against on nationality in Unites States history and was disclosed as a need to guarantee the security of the American individuals yet it was caused more by racial separation than by some other factor. Since even before the war, the Japanese people group experiences social and financial prejudice (Shaffer, 2002). They would even ask authorization before making or going to puts in request for them to have confirmation that they will be acknowledged in the general public. Understudies were excluded from the groups of friends in schools. The major issue looked in that time is the Anti-Asian, where Americans saw Asian individuals down. After the assault on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese the normal Americans turned out to be entirely receptive to hostile to Japanese promulgation and long-term racists started their smears with changed power. The Japanese and Japanese-Am ericans were alluded to as Japs and press disseminated reports that the shelling had been supported by Japanese Americans taking a shot at sugarcane fields and on angling pontoons in Hawaii. The Government authorities joined on the activity and requiring their prompt interment and along these lines, guaranteeing that Japanese Americans had infiltrated key situations in California. Confirmations were brought to the consideration of the President and different authorities expressing that Japanese Americans were remarkably faithful to the United States and no confirmations could introduced actually (Uchida, 1982). Besides, they were as yet persuaded to keep the Japanese. It will show up clearly to start the internment in Hawaii where Japanese involved up a full third of the occupants and had been accused of the connivance in the attack on Pearl Harbor.However, for unidentified reasons, the administration authorities ignored Hawaii and concentrated on the West Coast, refuting their stat e that they were keeping the Japanese Americans out of the military needs and not one or the other. They likewise restricted neither Germans nor Italians, however they had a lot more prominent numbers so hence they got an immense possible danger to the country. In these models given the creator is compelling in portraying of the impact of racial segregation. She put focused on an inappropriate demonstration of the Americans against her races. As per Robert Shaffer (2000), in 1943, a Baptist priest and previous evangelist to Japan estimated about the fix of Japanese Americans during World War II that future students of history will record this relocation, this infringement of citizenship rights, as one of the blackest blemish on American history as the opportunity that vote based system came the closest of being demolished. The United States government authorities have apologized for its wartime activities that, as one presidential commission on misgivings finish up to American cultu re and occupant outsiders of Japanese relatives. Besides, entangled political comprehension of the worldwide ramifications of the racialist internment strategy educated the securities framed of companionship, strict association and colleagues at school (Iriye, 1999). The pundits of evacuation and internment featured logical inconsistencies in partners' ideological campaign against the Axis, looking at American bigot activities

The impact of the life course in health and social care

The effect of the existence course in wellbeing and social consideration Drawing on the ideas you have concentrated in Block1, fundamentally think about the manners by which your own life course has influenced how you work in, or use, wellbeing and social consideration. In this exposition I will take a gander at the existence course point of view, and how it has furnished me with a basic device to offer a progressively customized administration. I will depict how my own life course and ‘Biographical Disruption (Bury 1982) has changed the individual I am past the desires I had of my assumed excursion, and how it has affected on my training. Where it has end up being a quality or a shortcoming, and how it has made me increasingly delicate to people’s necessities and conduct. I will take a gander at how my own qualities have been molded and impacted by my life course, and examine conceivable moral clashes. I will begin clarifying the idea of life course utilizing the five standards examined by Bengtson et al. (2005). Perceiving the course that people’s lives take is moderately new to study and research. Until moderately as of late the comprehension of human advancement depended on the existence cycle approach, perhaps the most established record of how life’s and families are sorted out after some time (Bengtson, et al 2005, p.9). The methodology depends on the possibility that people’s lives experience a progression of moderately unsurprising and sequential stages and advances from birth to death, giving understanding in people groups changing jobs and personalities according to milestone events, for example, transitioning, marriage, labor and mature age. From the 1960’s onwards the existence cycle approach started to join mental components, which considered the connection between an individual’s internal world, and the social setting where they live. This thought of considering the entire of a person’s life as offering open doors for improvement and cha nge (Crawford and Walker p.2) is alluded to in writing as life â€span advancement (Sugarman, L. 1986, p.3) or the life expectancy point of view (Baltes, P. 1987, p.3). Simultaneously these methodologies started to converge with the possibility that age and maturing isn't just identified with an ordered stage in human turn of events, yet in addition to emotional encounters between the people own development of their life course, and social developments, for example, schools, work markets and regularizing pathways. Maturing is a deep rooted process, when all is said in done normal to us all, yet all through our excursion from birth to death, occasions can be forced upon us from which we may need to settle on choices and decisions that change a mind-blowing way course. Timing is regularly sudden and change may not occur at a time we would have picked it to; this not just effects upon our own life and future yet on those we are connected with. understanding my own life course additionally bolsters me expertly working in social consideration, Crawford and Walker (2003, p.2) call attention to that social work practice includes collaborations between indi viduals, which are impacted by each person’s life course, their encounters and discernments about their own life, underlining the nature of these individual connections between administration clients, their families, carers and experts. So as to comprehend the effect human turn of events and life occasions have on people I have to have a basic, intelligent comprehension of how my own life course has molded me, my conduct and affected my convictions and qualities. This will empower me to connect with individuals better, react all the more delicately to people’s encounters and needs and clarify why individuals don’t consistently act in manners that seem, by all accounts, to be to their greatest advantage (K319, Learning Guide 3, 2013). My self-discernment and my qualities and convictions are a lot of molded by my own life courses’ huge occasions, encounters and changes, for example, experiencing childhood in a huge family in the seventies, being a separated from lady with small kids and being a fundamental carer for my at death's door mum. Bengtson et al (2005) recognizes five rules that are basic to the existence course point of view. First there is the standard of connected lives, which underscores on the way that people’s life courses are related with others, particularly applicable with regards to families. Having experienced childhood in an enormous family my life has been connected to my kin and guardians, so when my father fell genuinely sick, and never recuperated enough to ever come back to work, and he required practically consistent oversight and backing. The effect on all the family was extraordinary, my kin that despite everything inhabited home needed to secure positions to help the family funds, and they all vibe this occasion finished their adolescence. I was 10 years of age I was taken to live with my oldest sibling and his family. This felt odd and I felt apprehensive I would not see my folks once more. It was felt that I was too youthful to even think about understanding what was going on so I was never told how sick my father was, I was never permitted to visit him in clinic, and he was t here for an entire year. I was simply advised to be acceptable and not make a whine. I at that point remained for brief timeframes with my adult kin and more distant family, this continued for a long time , living an extremely transient existents and not remaining in one spot sufficiently long to create kinships with kids my own age. Thinking once more from my grown-up self, I would now be able to identify with my troubles in growing long haul connections and poor confidence. On the positive side I had the option to build up a long lasting cozy relationship with a lady auntie which thinking back I don’t feel would have occurred on the off chance that I had remained in the family home over that period. Besides there is the rule of recorded time and spot, â€Å"emphasising the significance of social and verifiable setting in molding individual lives† (Bengston et al, 2005 p11). This is examined as how occasions, for example, wars, injury, misery or a time of success influences our lives, Impacting on the existence courses of all ages living in that specific time and spot. My dad’s disease in the seventies implied he could not work anymore and accommodate his family, so from being a supplier he became thought about, which changed the entire dynamic of the family structure. He additionally needed to depend on ailment advantage, which in the seventies government assistance framework was hard to get and the monetary help was low. This affected on all the family. We were poor preceding his disease yet this dove us further into neediness. This negatively affected every one of us, yet for me when I was going to begin optional school I felt the disgrace of being abstractly poo r. I spent numerous troublesome days in school feeling underestimated and tormented by my friends, since I didn’t have decent garments and needed to have free school suppers, around then kids on free meals needed to line in various lines, this aggravated the sentiments of mediocrity. My mum gave a valiant effort, and figured out how to get some low maintenance work close by her being the fundamental carer for father, and mother to her youngsters. Thinking back, I understand my mum probably been an extremely tough individual to adapt to the circumstance she ended up in, she imparted a solid hard working attitude into her youngsters, accepting difficult work would bring rewards. She impacted me with her resolute assurance, similar to Enid with her mom (k319, Learning Guide 3 Audio 3.1). Looking back this time of my life constrained me to turn out to be increasingly autonomous as I needed to battle for myself a ton, it additionally furnish me with a significant exercise in overs eeing on almost no cash. This profited me when I was a solitary parent following a separation I had the option to financial plan with a little pay. The following guideline considers â€Å"the timing of critical life changes and whether they fit well with social desires for when things ought to happen† (K319, Learning Guide 3, Activity 3.1). I came into my profession because of two true to life disturbances throughout my life. First I was separated in my mid-twenties and expected to get work to help my youngsters. At that point my mum was determined to have terminal malignant growth and I turned into her carer. I had the option to get low maintenance paid work as a home consideration colleague through social consideration, I discovered I could move the aptitudes I had utilized as a carer and the preparation I got helped me to help my mum better. I found I had generally excellent relationship building abilities and delighted in supporting more established individuals to remain free. Much later in my life I started my social work certificate concentrates in inconsistency to society’s perspective on what is ‘norm al’. Similarly as with Mike, the contextual analysis in Learning Guide 3, Activity 3.5, I had worries that concentrating as a develop understudy would prompt ‘sub-normative’ sentiments of being extraordinary however on reflection my fundamental abilities and encounters have advanced my learning experience. The fourth standard considers the control a great many people have over their own lives and â€Å"they settle on decision about what to do and have plans for the future† (K319, Learning Guide 3, Activity 3.1). Despite the fact that I didn't have any impact on my childhood and not a huge sum over my separation. My encounters have given me the force and decision over my future which remembered a vocation for social consideration. I feel my background has made me mindful of understanding everybody has previous existence occasions that sway on their present life. So when I am working with administration clients and anticipating social work mediations, having a comprehension of the capability of interruptions, for example, disease, and other life changes can be significant defining moment in their lives, and can assist individuals with perceiving how they can turn into an open door for them to make changes (organization) in their lives. As in the narrative of Doireann and Iskender (K319 Learning Guide 3, Audio 3.7), where Iskender’s cardiovascular failure turned into a defining moment in the two his and Doireann’s life. At long last the fifth p

Essay Writing Topics For Children

Essay Writing Topics For ChildrenIf you're a parent who writes essays, then you've probably considered your essay writing topics for children. There are a lot of things to consider when you are writing about something that a child can relate to. There are some general points to consider when writing a writing topic for children.One of the first things to consider when thinking about essay writing topics for children is the age of the child. This is why it's important to be mindful of grammar when you are writing the essay. You don't want to use grammatically incorrect language because it could put the child off from even reading the essay.One of the things that you should remember when using essay writing topics for children is that the child may not necessarily be interested in reading your essay. Instead, they may be interested in something that will spark their imagination and help them achieve some type of goal. For example, you may choose to write an essay about a famous dinosau r because this topic might spark your child's imagination. You can also explore some different topics such as cartoons, science, or mythology.When choosing essay writing topics for children, it's also a good idea to consider the topic of the essay. This can help the child become more involved in the essay. Also, they will be able to see how their knowledge relates to the topic. You might choose to focus on things that interest the child.Once you have chosen essay writing topics for children, then you can begin researching the topic. This can help the child feel more involved in the essay. They will also be able to understand that they are an important part of the essay.There are specific rules to follow when writing about something that the child can relate to. You don't want to read the essay and laugh because of all the wrong grammar. It's much better to focus on the ideas rather than trying to write a sentence with the wrong word order.Finally, the essay should have a beginning, middle, and end in order to make it easier for the child to understand the piece. You should also include a section at the bottom that talks about the writer and the publication date. This can help them learn how to read a proper essay.When you are writing essay writing topics for children, there are some points to consider. The first thing to do is to ensure that the topic is one that is interesting for the child. You should also focus on the ideas that are important to the child and include the writer's name at the bottom of the essay.

Veterans And Suicide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1893 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Veterans Essay Did you like this example? Suicide is something that few want to talk about, however, there is no better time than now to increase dialogue in every way possible. The suicide rate among one group in particular is rising faster than ever before: United States veterans are taking their own lives in record numbers. In a ten-year span between 2005 and 2015, the suicide rate went from approximately 24 deaths per day to approximately 30 deaths per day, per every 100,000 in population (US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2018). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Veterans And Suicide" essay for you Create order The numbers are alarming, to many, the numbers signify that there is a need to look at the spiritual and religious well-being of todays veterans. Studies have shown that positive mental health outcomes are associated with having religious or spiritual experiences (Kopacz, 2013). There is an assumed image to live up to as a service member: the warrior, the defender† there is no room for complaining much less counseling. This macho mentality is leading to a force burdened with overwhelming emotions building day after day with no outlet to release them. The military has a long standing of barking orders of toughness and implying a necessity for members to suppress their emotions, and above all, never show weakness. Seeking counseling may be seen as a weakness therefore the spiritual and religious leaders are possibly seen as the safest people to turn to. Religion is usually associated with an organized group of people who share the same beliefs regarding a higher power while spirituality is be better defined as an experience or feeling one gets from an experience. Our veterans, those who have served and are still serving are at the heart of a disturbing statistic and it is going to take some intervention of a less utilized tool: religion and spirituality are key to suspending suicidal ideation among veterans and improving their mental health. In this paper we will look at religion and spiritual involvement as depression and anxiety relief, the positive outcomes of religious and spiritual group settings and prayer as being instrumental in improving mental health. Those that partake in religious or spiritual rituals may find that there is a degree of peace that comes with letting go of the evils that fill the corners of their minds. According to Bonner et. al., a study showed, not only can veterans find relief from depression and anxiety through religious interactions, they genuinely want it (2013). Seeking counseling may be more difficult for some than others, it may be seen as a sign of weakness, some may fear that their career could be impacted by seeking mental health service. Fear of these things could potentially grow the darkness that lurks within the mind of one who begins to have suicidal ideations. For this reason, some may prefer to seek out spiritual or religious counseling, as it may be more private and even anonymous (Kopacz et. al., 2016). Finding that thing that lets one release the bad while taking in the good such as spirituality, has been long overlooked as a preventative measure against veteran suicide (Kopacz, 2013). Although the Department of Veterans Affairs has recently begun to educate and involve community pastoral staff and clergymen, there are still a vast number of veterans who are not receiving the mental health care they need including religious/spiritual counseling (as cited in, Bonner et. al., 2013). Currently there is a relatively small percentage of veterans who are using pastoral or chaplain services, a mere 18%-31% (as cited in, Kopacz et.al., 2016). There may be a lack of understanding among veterans regarding the services that are available to them. It is not necessary to be a recipient of disability or be retired from the service to receive help or care from any VA facility; simply being a prior service member allows the utilization of VA services. Exiting the fog and darkness of the mind may seem impossible if not given the tools that are right for each individual. It is for this reason that it is so important for veterans to understand what is available and how they can benef it. In order to push past the evil that floods the mind when one is depressed or suffering with intense anxiety requires one to first learn how to look deeper within. Spirituality is personal, and in that aspect, it may help one take a deeper look and develop a set of coping skills for everyday situations. Spirituality may offer an opportunity to discover and grow as an individual while also achieving a level of mindfulness ( Amato, Kayman, Lombardo, Goldstein, (2016). Finding relief from depression and anxiety while achieving awareness and inner growth may allow a person to open themselves up on a larger scale. Speaking about experiences that triggered the mental unrest, and sharing with others that have similar experiences may allow one to feel that they are not alone and perhaps what they feel is not at all out of the ordinary. Religion is often associated with a group of people whether large or small and most who think of religion likely think of an organized gathering such as church or study/Bible groups of a sort. Being part of a group allows one to feel connected, something that is difficult for someone contemplating suicide. However, its more than just a group, its a type of belonging and sense of community. When one is part of a community there is a perception of responsibility or accountability within that community, this is likely crucial in thwarting those suicidal ideations or at the very least de-escalating them. Additionally, a benefit to belonging to a spiritual or religious group is the fact that most, if not all, tend to promote and celebrate life. It would likely be difficult to belong to such a group if there were not a willingness to participate as well as contemplate ones own mental health (Amato, Kayman, Lombardo and Goldstein, 2016). There is power in the selflessness of listening to and thinking of others, it re-focuses the mind off self-depredating thought and onto someone elses needs. Focusing on another in need can distract and quiet the mind of hurtful thoughts towards oneself. Group settings also offer the opportunity to receive prayer from others, this seemingly small act can foster feelings of belonging and importance. There is power in prayer†a popular phrase in religious communities; according to Malmin, this expression of ones faith is evident in studies showing that prayer does improve mental health for some individuals (2013). Lets begin with group prayer, praying for someone elses healing allows those who are praying to feel needed, feeling needed certainly negates feelings of uselessness. Self-degrading thoughts could potentially be silenced when focus is put on another. In addition to praying for others, receiving prayer can allow one to hear they are worthy and they have a purpose; worth and purpose are important for the healing process. When sfeeling of burden or worthlessness are involved for those who are contemplating suicide, group prayer may be difficult at first but in the end can prove to be an important tool in recovery and healing. For those that prefer a less public form of prayer, meditation or quiet time may be helpful. Meditation involves focusing thoughts and reflecting on chosen moments, this type of awareness may induce a calming effect for an individual and a deeper understanding regarding past experiences. Meditation is thought to reduce stress and pain and has been used in clinical settings to address these issues (Malmin, 2013). Whether focusing on the positive or cleansing the negative, as believers in Christ, praying allows one to focus on healing as well as receiving support and love. For veterans, an important verse to focus on is this, Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God (Matthew 5:9, New international Version, 2004). The Lord knows the heart and when the heart is right the Lord is pleased. Although there have been many improvements over the recent years, there has not been enough focus on spiritual health of our veterans. There is still a strong call for service members to be strong both physically and mentally, however, there is little discussion of what it means to stay mentally strong. Mental strength can be associated with strong morals, values and ethics; all of which can be attributed to having a strong religious or spiritual connection of some sort. Without God, evil sees an open door, an invitation to corrupt the mind. Walking with the Lord means allowing the Lord to take the sorrow, the hurt, and the evil that one has been exposed to or has had to experience in any way takes an incredible amount of trust. It is not easy to let to go of such things without the Lord, the forgiveness and understanding that are received are something that cannot be taken away. The research supports, and in some cases, has proven that religion and spirituality are in fact a benefit to ones mental health as well as improving happiness and the ability to become part of a community that supports and lifts one another up. The cumulative effects of interacting with religion and spirituality, participating in religious groups, and prayer can suspend the suicidal ideation and begin the journey to self-love. Suicidal ideation among veterans can be thwarted with increased mental health intervention and the positive effects of religion and spirituality. The great Albert Einstein was once quoted as saying, Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind. (as cited in Malmin, 2013). Finding peace through the relief of anxiety and depression allows for inner growth which in turn can lead to an improved mental health. Additionally, becoming part of a group or community can foster the formation of connections with others in similar situations. Likewise , prayer has a healing nature, whether it is a personal conversation between an individual and God, or a conversation with God for another to be healed, there is solace in knowing that God answers prayers. The Bible mentions the governments role in protection and defending society several times, one such account is in Romans 13, Paul writes that the governing authorities are Gods servants to do good, and there is no real authority without God establishing it first. This would support the thesis that religion and spirituality are indeed a much-needed facet within that authority (authority included soldiers). God is necessary in treating those who have or wish to have a spiritual or religious connection, there should be no judgement or shame in believing in something that gives one hope and lends itself to healing. It is written in the Bible, Therefor, let us stop passing judgement on one another. Instead, make up your mind not to put any stumbling block or obstacle in your brothers way. (Romans 14:13, NIV, 2004). The health and welfare of our brave peacemakers is of the utmost importance; the rate of suicide among this group is unacceptable. Veterans need to be aware of the services available to them and be afforded the opportunity to utilize those service without fear judgement, fear for loss of job advancement, or wore, loss of job. There is no shame in receiving counseling, this is the message that needs to get to our veterans. Those at risk for suicide will benefit greatly from continued and expanded exploration of religion and spirituality. Availability to the aforementioned is crucial if a reduction in suicide among veterans is going to be achieved.

Autism A Developmental Disability That Causes Problems...

Autism is a developmental disability that causes problems with skills and communication, and can be mild or severe differing from person to person. (Autism. 2013). Autism is from birth, meaning it can t be developed after birth. Symptoms can get better or worse with time, depending on certain dietary plans and medicines. Some autistic symptoms, however, can occur after a traumatic brain injury or TBI. Autism isn t present in a person after such an injury. ASD has many different forms and conditions. Autism isn t just one disease, but an entire spectrum of different abilities, communication problems, symptoms, and challenges. Asperger s syndrome, or AS, is the mildest form of autism. AS is three times more likely to affect boys than girls. (Autism 2013). Children with AS generally find an object or topic and obsess over it, finding out everything they can about it and memorizing it. Often they ll talk nonstop about this topic. Where AS is mild most children are able to communicate slightly but still have some trouble with eye contact and some speech. Aspergers is also called high-functioning autism because those with AS usually have normal to above average intelligence. Children with AS are at high risk for anxiety or depression as they enter adulthood. Anxiety is a panic attack syndrome meaning that at any moment, even in sleep, a panic attack can happen.They are sudden feelings of terror that can make the person believe they are having a heart attack or couldShow MoreRelatedEducating Special Needs Students Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pageswith disabilities can be even more challenging. One of the most challenging tasks that a teacher today may have to preform is effectively teaching children with disabilities. There are several types of disabilities a child may have including but not limited to intellectual disability, autism, severe disabilities, and multiple disabilities. Intellectual Disability According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), an intellectual disability is a disabilityRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And Autism1492 Words   |  6 Pagesbe known as Autism was later renamed in the DSM to Autism Spectrum Disorder meaning, a neurodevelopmental disorder rather than a pervasive developmental disorder (Gargiulo, 2015). Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a restricted repertoire of activity and interests (Gargiulo, 2015). The IDEA describes autism as developmental disability that affects all areas of communication in an individualRead MoreEssay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities1518 Words   |  7 Pages It is important to understand the terms that are associated with intellectual disabilities. The first term is disability. Disability is an individual performing which includes p hysical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual mental illness impairments, and various types of chronic diseases. The next term involves intelligence. This term is the ability to think logically, reason out problems, prepare, understand difficult ideas, examine intellectually, and the ability to determine quickly and or acquireRead MoreDevelopmental Disabilities Are Common Among People843 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopmental disabilities are common among people. There are many different types of disabilities. One of the most common developmental disabilities is Autism. This disability is so common that chances are that everyone has come in contact with an autistic person at one point in their life. I especially became interested in learning about autism when I learned that a close family friend had an autistic child. My research focused on the history of autism and also finding the causes, symptoms, andRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder1409 Words   |  6 Pagesand 1 in 189 girls are dia gnosed with autism in the United States (Autism Speaks, n.d.). Can be diagnosed in all racial and ethnic groups, as well as every age group. In the 2013 publication of DSM-5 diagnostic manual, Asperger syndrome, Autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) were merged into one category of ASD. This paper will explain what Autism Spectrum Disorder is, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatmentsRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder And How It Affects Children1092 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my listeners about Autism spectrum disorder and how it affects children in society today. 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Autism spectrum disorders effect one in 110 births in the United States. Autism spectrum disorders are severe, incurable developmental disorders whose symptoms, including impairments in social interaction and communication, emerge during the first two years of lifeRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1111 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a wide variety of symptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discusses

Parallels Between the Conflicts of J.D. Salinger and...

Holden’s Conflicts One of the greatest American Literature writers, J.D. Salinger, was familiar with a rough childhood by experience. He was able to parallel his experiences to the experiences of Holden Caulfield, the protagonist in The Catcher in Rye. In this novel, Holden experiences conflicts that most youth are not familiar with. The conflicts in Holden Caulfield’s life are caused by various forces and circumstances. One of the main conflict’s in the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is the recurring theme of innocence. Holden attempts to resist maturing and wants to live his life as an innocent adolescent, by staying the same, like the exhibits in the Museum of Natural History. As he reflects on the corruption of innocence†¦show more content†¦In result of this behavior by his parents, he was never able to learn to trust an adult. He didn’t even find one teacher at the multiple schools he attended that he could trust. One teacher he had some re spect, but still no trust, for was Mr.Antolini, one of his old english teachers. Holden went to Mr. Antolini’s house, after visiting his sister, for a place to sleep since he could not stay at his house. While s at Mr. Antolini’s house, Holden fell asleep on the couch and he woke up to Mr. Antolini petting his hair from the ground. Not only did this incident freak Holden out, but it also reassured his negative view of adults. Yet another issue Holden endures throughout this novel is loneliness . There are many reasons that he is very lonely all throughout the novel. The biggest reason he doesnt talk to anybody is because he is afraid he is going to get hurt emotionally. For example he is scared to call Jane and is scared to let her in his heart because he doesnt want to loose another person he loves, like his deceased brother Allie. Another example of his loneliness is when he meets the prostitute in the hotel. Holden knows that he can have the comfort of another human for a little while, but he doesnt want to do anything with her because he knows she will just leave after they are done having sex. In a way he is looking for something that will last longer, like a relationship, but he is too scared of being hurt . Although, â€Å"loneliness is difficult to fess upShow MoreRelatedCatcher in the Rye4413 Words   |  18 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye â€Å"Is The Catcher in the Rye, as a work of literature still relevant for today’s youth?† Name: Sara Sigurdson Course: English A1 Supervisor: Mr. Peter Steadman Word count: 3851 Candidate number: 00136022 Table of Contents Content Page Number Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Actual Catcher in the Rye 4 The Sexual Matter 5 The Caulfield Family 6 Narrator and Protagonist 8 Role Model 9 Mr. Antolini 10 Targeted Audience 10 Guidance 12 Read MoreA Victim Of Childhood Sexual Abuse1640 Words   |  7 Pageson effectively treating these victims. This broken system is depicted by Salinger through the protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye, Holden. Salinger used information he knew to give Holden the qualities of someone who has experience CSA, and uses the characters in Holden’s life to represent the many broken parts of government agencies established to help victims. In J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, protagonist Holden struggles with the mental health issues associated with prolonged childhoodRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye by J. D. Salinger and Looking For Alaska by John Green1729 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout history, authors of young adult literature are oftentimes forced to incorporate the perils of young adulthood into their plots, characters, and conflicts. Growing up in America is an experience unlike no other. Today, American young adults are part of a large generation c alled the Millenials, who are considered the most educated in American history. They are more open minded, progressive, successful, and technological. However, it is not all sunshine and rainbows for these young AmericansRead MoreComparative Essay - Catcher in the Rye vs. Igby Goes Down1552 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present inRead MoreJ.D. Salingers Catcher In The Rye and Burr Steers Igby Goes Down1493 Words   |  6 Pages Comparative Essay The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger and Igby Goes Down by Burr Steers are both displayed as rites of passage texts. The respective protagonists of these two texts are Igby Slocumb and Holden Caulfield. These two characters are both on a journey motif, a journey of self discovery in which they both attempt to find meaning in life and understand societies values and attitudes. The two protagonists demonstrate non-conformity and rebel against the apparent hypocrisy present inRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden’s Metamorphosis1954 Words   |  8 PagesMetamorphosis in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is the chronicle of a young mans metamorphosis from immaturity to unsure manhood. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, is a sixteen-year old boy who leaves the prep school he has been expelled from to escape the frightening reality of dealing with his parents. However, during his visit to New York City he is faced with the harsh reality that he cannot continue to hold onto his childhood. Holden is an extremely complexRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2365 Words   |  10 Pagesand deterioration of this dream through showing how the strive for noble goals and great achievements deteriorated into a quest for riches and how distant the dream is from reality. The American Dream has been in the spirit of America since its founding days. In the beginning, the dream simply was the quest for breaking free from class restrictions and acquiring prosperity and stability on a new land. The Founding Fathers declared that people inhe rently have the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit

Self Directed Assessment of Career Aspirations

Question: Discuss about theSelf Directed Assessment of Career Aspirations. Answer: Introduction In the world of business there are number of great leaders who have taken their respective businesses to the pinnacle of success by their devotion and hard work and this is exactly why these leaders are respected not only in their own businesses but they are idolised all across the world in different industries. Some of these leaders had had it very easy in their career development process as they got hold of their preferred profession early in their career whereas on the other hand some of them have had struggle to reach their desired position. Hence it could be said that the leaders are always the people who set examples with their deeds and their strategies implemented in the career development procedure (Downes, 2010). There are numbers of business leaders who have inspired number of people including me but to name a couple of them would be Larry Page of Google Inc. and Jeff Bezos of Amazon. Both the leaders have gone through few hurdles which make their career development intere sting to discuss as well as their career growth epitome for the aspiring professionals. Career Development Assessment Career development is an important concept for each and every professional working in the corporate world. The concept of career development could defined as the process of managing work, leisure and other changes in order to get to a self-preferred better position in the future. It is a lifelong process as the taste and preference as well as willingness of the professionals changes over time and hence career development aspirations tend to change over time. It has happened with all the big leaders in the world as well as for Larry Page and Jeff Bezos (Nicolini, 2012). These two leaders have taken their business to a new level. When one has introduced worlds leading search engine that helps billions of people every day with their information needs over the Internet, at the same time the other is the visionary leader of the worlds largest electronic commerce company that sells almost anything and everything to meet the daily demands of the consumers. Both Larry Page of Google and Bezo s of Amazon didnt find it easy initially and had to overcome different hurdles. They have had to face criticisms and didnt know how their future would pace but have stuck to their ideas and focus in order to achieve their goals (Niles et al., 2011). There are different career development theories that could fit to these great legends. One of the major career development theories that perfectly go with the constant development both of them have is the trait factor theory. The trait factor theory by Frank Parsons state that people tend to work better and give their best performance when working jobs that suits or favors their abilities (Sullivan Baruch, 2009). Both of the leaders namely Page and Pezos are from computer science background and have constantly worked for the development of this field which clearly shows their willingness to stick to the field that they know best and this significant brought them success at regular interval. The Theory of Work Adjustment is also applicable to their consistent growth in their fields. Page is now the CEO of the parent company of Google that is Alphabet Inc. and on the other hand Bezos has joined new ventures (Lent et al., 2011). The theory of work adjustment has stated the relationship between the work environment and the individual. Both of the leaders have realised this and have tried to develop and communicate with their work environment naturally brining the best out of themselves. Both Page and Bezos have gotten into new ventures which have tested their skills for instance in Amazon.com Bezos had to develop the virtual work environment so that the consumers are always connected to the portal and can make their choices which wouldnt have been possible if the workers and employees have not communicated properly (Su et al., 2015). On the other hand Page have gone back to his root the parent company of Google to better the assets and develop relationships with the clients in order to increase the business of the company which means he has tried to develop the relationship with the work environment that has helped him achieve this constant career development. Analysing the cases of the two great leaders I wi ll definitely try to implement the Trait Factor theory in order to get established in my own field of expertise (Patton McMohan, 2014). The personal values that I have personally understood important for me is education which will help me to develop a strong platform for myself in the professional world and also relationship with the workplace as well as families and friends which would keep in good mental shape and will also help me to counterbalance my work and personal life (Patton et al., 2016). In my industry relationship means operational excellence and education means addressing of the allocated jobs and hence it could be said that the values which are essential in my personal life also stands to be important in my professional life. Both of my chosen leaders above have become successful with effective education and by building relationships or else empire like Amazon and Google wouldnt be existing today and hence I personally feel I have these things common with my role models (Lent et al., 2011). Conclusion Both Larry Page and Jeff Bezos have are wonderful leaders and not only for their professional qualities I like them but also for their humane gesture and contribution towards the welfare of the mankind. Both leaders are visionary and have been highly focused on not only growing themselves in stature but have also presented the world with new avenues to do their jobs which has been a great contribution for their side and this justifies my preference for these two leaders (Downes, 2010). References Downes, B. (2010). Career development strategies. Lent, R. W., Brown, S., Hackett, G. (2013). Career Development. Nicolini, D. (2012).Practice theory, work, and organization: An introduction. Oxford university press. Niles, S. G., Amundson, N. E., Neault, R. (2011). Career Flow: A Hope-Centered Approach to Career Development, 1e. Patton, L. D., Renn, K. A., Guido, F. M., Quaye, S. J., Evans, N. J., Forney, D. S. (2016).Student development in college: Theory, research, and practice. John Wiley Sons. Patton, W., McMahon, M. (2014).Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice(Vol. 2). Springer. Su, R., Murdock, C. D., Rounds, J. (2015). Person-environment fit.APA handbook of career intervention,1, 81-98. Sullivan, S. E., Baruch, Y. (2009). Advances in career theory and research: A critical review and agenda for future exploration.Journal of management,35(6), 1542-1571.

History Of Computing Devices (computers) Essays - Office Equipment

History of Computing Devices (computers) By:Daniel Habay In order to see why we invented computers we must look at how they WERE used and how they ARE used today. One of the first major uses of computers was to aid mathematical pursuits. As computers went along they added to the fields of science and literature. Computers also filled a need, the need to be lazy. It was once said that the perfect combination was laziness and intelligence. I believe in that because you can see how computers are being used today. We use them in Auto factories, basic cleaning, and other menial tasks. I will show you how computers have progressed along and today how they are used to the benefit of everyone in pursuits of math, literature, and science. The first computing device was a digital one. I am speaking of the human hand. Fingers being Digits, thus into the digital computer. This type of computing device was easily accessible but was limited in the sense that it could not go beyond 10. Later on someone came up with the brilliant idea of using smooth pebbles in a container or notches on a sick or bone. A while after that someone came up with the idea to use compressed plant fibers and burnt wood and in doing so they created a familiar counting device all by themselves, they had created the paper and pencil combination that is still used today. A while after that a clay table with grooves in it was used as a calculating device. Smooth pebbles, stones, or clay marbles were placed in the grooves and rolled from one side of the groove to the other to simulate movement of the numbers. A while after that someone came up with the idea of drilling holes or using beads along a string to simulate the movement of numbers. A long time l ater after a stagnation of about 2000 years, a device known as "Napier's bones" was invented by John Napier, the creator of logarithms. These devices aided calculation tremendously as they turned multiplication and division into simple addition and subtraction. A while after that a man by the name of Blaise Pascal invented his "calculating machine". This machine was limited to only addition and subtraction.

Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essays

Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essays Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essay Characteristics of aggressive and anti social behaviours Essay Six old ages old, John frequently hits, bites and ache other kids when he is angry. He talks back to everyone including grownups. Sometimes, he swears in category. He has this I do non care attitude. A When he does non gets his manner he gets angry really rapidly, starts out by shouting and so starts hitting and seize with teething the kids. He is known as the kid who hurts other kids by hitting and seize with teething. He is besides ill-mannered for he swears. Therefore, none of the kids in the schoolroom privation to play with him. Bribery Tommy is coloring the apples printed on his mathematics book. Zoey comes along when she sees the instructor busy speaking to the other kids. She so asks Tommy to color the apples printed on her mathematics book. Tommy feels uncomfortable and is loath to make so, but Zoey bribe him by stating, if you colour for me, I will portion my tiffin and Sweets with you. Immediately, Tommy switches book and colours Zoey s mathematics book alternatively. Stealing The kids are in the schoolroom playing, when suddenly Charles starts running and demoing off his new ticker to the other kids. Everyone gathers around him to see his new ticker. Jodie feels unhappy as Charles is acquiring all the attending from the kids and besides the instructor. After eyeing Charles maintaining his ticker in his bag, Jodie surreptitiously walks to his bag and takes out his ticker without anyone looking. She puts it into her bag and continues to play. At the terminal of the category, Charles fails to happen his ticker, he starts to shout. The instructor asks who took Charles s ticker, but cipher dares to acknowledge. The instructor so checks every kids bag and merely to happen out that Jodie did a serious offense which is stealing. Common causes of aggressive and anti-social behaviour Frustration Attention seeking Bing territorial Definitions of the causes Frustration A feeling of irritation and an emotional response to fortunes where one is obstructed from geting at a personal end ( Frustration, 2003 ) . Attention seeking Desiring intervention or attending from people, particularly from the instructors ( Attentive, 2005 ) . Bing territorial An country of cognition or involvement ( Territorial, 2006 ) . Example of causes Frustration Children may be triggered and so gets frustrated when they are told to halt playing with their playthings. They may besides acquire defeated due to the fact that they have to analyze instead than play. Attention seeking Children may demo aggressive Acts of the Apostless if they are non being attended to. The instructor may be busy go toing to other kids and that may do the other kid to hold deficiency of attending which leads to hitting, seize with teething and aching other kids. Bing territorial Children may be given to acquire aggressive when their drama district is occupied by other kids or when other kids try to fall in them in their drama corners. Management Techniques/ Schemes Discuss appropriate and inappropriate behaviors When a kid is acting sharply towards the other kids in category, it is the instructor s function to happen schemes on how to get the better of such behavior. One of the ways to get the better of aggressive behavior in category is to discourse the appropriate and inappropriate behavior with the kids. Before the instructor decides to use this scheme, he must do certain that he is in a unagitated province and is able to discourse the kid s actions with the other kids in a diplomatic manner. During the category meeting, the instructor can besides explicate the effects of their actions. For illustration, the kids in the category may be afraid and garbage to play with the kids who are aggressive as they do non desire to acquire hurt. Besides, the instructor can learn the kids about empathy. The instructor has to seek to associate to the kids to allow the kids learn how to experience for their friends. For illustration, the instructor can inquire Ashley inquiries that allow her to set herse lf into others places and to experience what others feel, such as How make you experience if Brenda hits you? and Do you like it if other kids hit you? Provide alternate playthings and stimulation Another scheme to get the better of aggressive behaviors from go oning in category is to supply more alternate plaything and stimulation. Every kid loves to play with playthings. If the schoolroom has deficient playthings and stimulation for the kids to play with, it may do them to hold aggressive behaviors towards other kids. For illustration, Ashley hits Brenda to acquire the excess blocks from her because there are deficient blocks for Ashley to construct her house. Furthermore, when the kids are seeking to make something that is hard for their degree, they may run out of forbearance and lose their pique. Therefore, the instructor has to supply adequate playthings and different picks of playthings for kids to play to avoid them from acquiring bored or frustrated. It is besides the instructor s duty to watch out for marks and have deviating options ready to get the better of such jobs from go oning in the schoolroom. Script of the role-play Scenario: A group of kids are holding a free drama session. They are playing at different corners. Child A is an anti-social kid, who does non wish to play with other kids and prefers to hold lone drama. She likes to sit and play all entirely at one corner, off from the other kids. As Child A is playing entirely at one corner, she spots a cylinder-shape block, non far off from the group of kids. She decides to acquire up and take the cylinder-shape block. At the same clip, Child B spots the same block and decides to take it excessively. Both of them refuse to allow each other drama with the block. Both the kids so struggle to acquire the block but in the terminal, Child B got a clasp of it. Child A gets angry and she raises her manus to hit Child B on the shoulder really hard. Then, Child A snatches the block off from Child B and goes back to her corner to go on playing. The instructor witnesses the whole incident and attacks Child A. The instructor brings Child A towards Child B and has a talk with the both of them. The instructor asks Child A to apologise to Child B and explains that the both of them are incorrect to snap the block from each other. He lets Child A know that she should non hit Child B even when she does non acquire what she wants. Teacher: Ashley and Brenda, the both of you should larn to portion the plaything with one another. Both of you should larn to take bends. You should non hit your friends because it hurts. Child B nods her caput. Child B: Alright. Teacher turns towards Ashley. Teacher: Ashley, why did you hit Brenda? Ashley keeps quiet. Teacher: Ashley, do you like it if your friend hits you? Ashley keeps quiet for a minute and so, she shakes her caput. Child A: NoaˆÂ ¦ Teacher: Alright. You do non like your friend to hit you it because it hurts, right? Ashley nods mutely. Teacher: And if you keep hitting your friend, will she desire to play with you? Child A: No. Teacher: Would you wish that to go on? Child A: No. Teacher: I know that you like playing with blocks, but you have to larn to take bends to play with it, all right? Ashley nods once more. Teacher: Alright, the both of you shall take bends to play and portion the block. Now, who would wish to play with it foremost? Child A: Brenda can play with it foremost. Teacher hands the blocks to Brenda. Child B: Thank you. Both Ashley and Brenda return to their playing topographic point at the same time. Teacher comes out with a solution to forestall the kids from contending for the playthings by supplying sufficient playthings for all of them. Teacher will hold all the kids playing at different larning Centres at a clip. Each larning Centre will hold an indicant on how many kids can be at that place at a clip and the continuance the kids can be at that place. Teacher gathers all the kids together to explicate her solution. Teacher: Children, instructor has come out with a new system. During free drama, every one of you can travel to the Centres you choose to play in. But every Centre will hold a limited figure of kids playing at that place. Once a peculiar Centre is full, you will hold to wait for your bend to play at that Centre. There will be a list at the Centre for you to compose down your names. Every 10 proceedingss, we will hold a rotary motion and you shall travel to another Centre. All the kids nod their caputs. Childs: Yes, instructor! The kids went to the different Centres and follow the new system. The instructor assists the kids. List of group members and task carried out and character in the role-play Go Jen Yi Undertaking: Group treatment Fictional character: Child in the schoolroom Khoo Ze Syan Undertaking: Group treatment Fictional character: Child in the schoolroom Kuan Jee Lian Undertaking: Group treatment, Common characteristics A ; cause of the behavior Fictional character: Child B Brenda Leong Mun Hoe Undertaking: Group treatment, Suggestions on direction techniques/strategies Fictional character: Teacher Ong Leng Choo Undertaking: Group treatment, Overall amending the work Fictional character: Child A Ashley Tay Li Xin Undertaking: Group treatment, Script Writer Fictional character: Narrator

Dead Men's Path Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dead Men's Path - Essay Example The basic and most difficult question to answer here is whether the people under consideration in this book adopt one culture or parts of it and simply and for surely reject the other one in the wake of trying circumstances, economic and socio-cultural pressures and so on and so forth. This paper speaks of the cultural clashes within the related domains. Cultural ramifications have haunted generations for a lengthy period of time and thus a need is discussed which significantly addresses the questions related with the social as well as the cultural facets present within any society in the times much like today. These linkages outline the need to understand the human psyche in a better and more cohesive fashion than was the case in the times gone by. In the work titled ‘Dead Man’s Path’, the author Chinua Achebe has discussed the role of Michael Obi and how his personal thinking of the topic at hand led to a conflict situation. His perception of the former culture resulted in disarray not only for himself but also for others as well. The writer has clearly shown that there was a certain sense of bad judgment on the part of Michael Obi from the onset in his thinking and understanding of the modernization in culture which essentially escorted its way through to a problem in the end. There was a general sense of bad approach being involved in the imposition of his views right from the very start. He has used the example of imposing modernization into traditional thinking and village-like beliefs. This, in all essence is a very bad example to say the least as he has been unable to come to terms with its understanding in the first place. Obi has mocked the beliefs and ideals of the village people which led to a fi ght with the priest. Thus it would not be wrong here to suggest that the attitude employed by Obi is not only insulting but also humiliating which in reality ends in nothing short of being remarked

Lighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lighting - Essay Example Primarily, we should understand the process of lightning so that we become aware of how it actually takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). There are small particles found in clouds called Hydrometeors. As they attain maturity, they start interacting with each other because of which they become charged. â€Å"Updrafts send the smaller positively charged particles upward and gravity pulls the bigger negatively charged particles downward. This results in clouds having their upper part positive charges and lower part negative charges† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). This partition of charges causes a large electric potential not only between clouds themselves but also between the clouds and the earth. This electrical potential sometimes contains magnitude of million voltages. Ultimately, the electrical battle in the air collapse and lightning, the electrical expulsion between the areas of the cloud or between the cloud and the earth, takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). A li ghtning strike can cause death several injuries to human beings. The method of injury is distinctive, and the demonstration differs from those of other electrical injuries. Lightning can injure people in many ways, such as it can impinge on a person directly or indirectly. It can cause heart damage or cardiac arrest; it is often responsible for causing temporary paralysis to the seriously injured people. Lightning may displace the bones or completely damage them; it sometimes creates skull fractures and cervical spine injuries. Lungs might be damaged which creates difficulty in breathing. It causes eye injuries which results in visual problems. It has been a notice by the experts that lightning causes more incidents in America annually than any other natural calamities. Thousands of lightning occurs every year and according to a data an average of â€Å"82 persons die each year from 1995 to 2000 three out of every four lightning deaths from the South and Midwest of America and one out of every four deaths was work-related i.e. from farming and construction works† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). Many people are injured and many are killed due to lack of information or slapdash behavior during thunderstorm. Although there can be no absolute protection from lightning but experts have mentioned certain security measures that can reduce the possibility of being injured or killed due to lightning. Firstly, people should stay at safe places during thunderstorm. However there are no entirely safe places, but some places are safer than others are (Renner, pp. 23-39). Large and enclosed structures are considered as more appropriate to stay at than smaller and open structures. The danger for lightning injury depends on the structure having a feature of lightning protection, materials used in its construction and size of the structure. Generally, completely enclosed metal automobiles such as trucks, cars, vans, etc (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50), with the windows turne d up give good protection from lightning. One should avoid touching metal or conducting surfaces inside or the vehicle. Secondly, one should avoid going to high and open places, remote trees, defenseless gazebos, picnic points, baseball bunkers, connections towers, flagstaff, light pole, metal and wood benches, farm carts, and water related places such as oceans, seas, swimming pools, and rivers. One should stay away from using telephone, taking bathe, washing hands and dishes. Moreover, one may avoid contact with metal doors and windows, wiring cables of telephone, and television. If individuals can observe lightning and hear noise of thunder, they are already at threat. Noisy or repeated thunder shows that lightning activity is imminent and it is increasing

Short Story - Suicidal Tendencies Essay Example for Free

Short Story Suicidal Tendencies Essay Jamie stepped into the betting office and instantly a warm blast of hot air hit him and the stink of unwashed bodies and cheap deodorant overpowered his nose so that was all he could smell. He made his way through the smoky haze of cigarette smoke towards the betting counter carefully moving round the leather sofas and chairs and trying not to step in any chewing gum or a half eaten chocolate bar. The guy at the desk looked up at him through the glass and asked, Can I help you sir? Id like to place a bet please he stated. Name please the man at the counter asked and as Jamie replied he tapped it into his database Were sorry but were afraid weve found a problem he whispered quietly What kind of problem? Jamie asked nervously Perhaps youd like to come round he said, opening the door to his left as he spoke and ushered Jamie into the managers office. As the door closed behind him, Jamie took in his surroundings; he was in a large office with a 32-inch plasma screen at one end, a comfortable looking sofa on the wall and a desk with a new computer on it. A man was sitting behind the desk. A middle aged, harassed looking man. He started to speak softly and indicated to Jamie to take a seat on the sofa. Were sorry but based on your credit report, we cant allow you to make any more bets as youre almost in debt But.. please!! Come on youve got to let me get Jamie said, his voice gradually getting louder. Sorry, I wish there was something we could do.. but we cant, sorry I HATE YOU, I WISH YOU WERE DEAD!!! Jamie screamed at the manager, he jumped up and knocked a picture of the wall with his hand then stormed out of the office, knocking over chairs and pushing a 60 year old man over. He felt betrayed and wished his life would end, that was when he decided to commit suicide because he hated life. The manager came out of the betting shop and said to him If you can find i 10 we can allow you bet again as your credit limit will be raised Jamie calmed down then and went of for a walk. Throughout the rest of the day he tried everywhere to get i 10 so he could be allowed to bet again, as it was his passion, he was an addict. Towards the end of the day, Jamie got increasingly frustrated about not being able to find i 10. Eventually he was so angry that he wanted to commit suicide so he went up to the top of a 10 storey car park and as he stood, toes pointing over the edge, poised to jump, he started to come round and decided to back out as he decided he could find the money by other means but then he remembered, the embarrassment he felt in the office and jumped.jumped of the edge. As he hit the ground with a sickening crunch and broke both his legs, blood started to pour out his shirt he saw, next to him, a i 10 note. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Character Sketch of Ethan Frome Essay -- Essays Papers

Character Sketch of Ethan Frome â€Å"Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away† (6). That, said by Harmon Gow, was definitely how Ethan Frome could be described. Too many winters in Starkfield had taken its toll on Ethan, and it was obvious to see. Ethan, â€Å"the ruin of a man† (3), just hadn’t gotten out of Starkfield in time. Now, as the narrator related, â€Å"There was something bleak and unapproachable in his face; and he was so stiffened and grizzled I took him for an old man† (4). Ethan had clearly become a depressed individual and had been for a very long time. Ethan was very sad man. Ethan never got to finish his studies and thought about it from time to time. Even at the beginning of the book when the narrator dropped his copy of Popular Science, it was obvious Ethan had a sad, nostalgic tone about him as he talked about the fact that he used to study in that field. Ethan was also sad that he had to come home every night to a woman who didn’t love him. Zeena was a self-absorbed woman whose only happiness came from other’s grief. The moment she left town every minute of Ethan’s life became better. The thought of Zeena even made him jump as shown in this quotation: â€Å"Ethan, a moment earlier, had felt himself on the brink of eloquence; but the mention of Zeena had paralyzed him† (84). Ethan was also sad because he couldn’t run away with Mattie and live in another place with her. This is extremely evident in this quotation: â€Å" A moment...

Posttraumatic stress disorder Research Essay

223. 4 million U. S. citizens have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives. This is about 70% of adults in the USA. Today 31. 1 million people are struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Rosenthal). PTSD is defined as re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal, due to a traumatic event. The symptoms are either long lasting or have a delayed onset (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). A traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others, can create intense feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). This traumatic event then can lead to a serious anxiety disorder such as PTSD. Examples range from witnessing another individual in a life or death crisis to experiencing a life or death crisis first. While PTSD affects a large percentage of the world’s population, only recorded incidents are placed in statistics. However around the world traumatic events are not uncommon, with the cases of genocide in Rwanda to war torn counties in the Middle East, and all the way back to the survivors of 9/11 and US troops back from Iraq, it is no wonder that PTSD is one of the most common disorders. This paper will summarize symptoms, causation, prevention and treatment of PTSD. There are four main categories that the symptoms of PTSD are grouped into. The first is re-experiencing the traumatic event or incident. There are a few different ways one can re-experience the trauma. Some may repeatedly visualize distressing images of either the incident or something closely related. There may be a constant thought of the event as it unfolded. Some may focus on how they could have done things differently assuming there might have been a better ending or the event would have been avoided entirely. Others will experience horrifying dreams or night terrors that will either be an exact flashback from the traumatic event or a metaphor of some sort that is equally traumatic. For example, a woman with PTSD who was a paramedic and was dispatched to the scene of the twin towers on 9/11 experienced nightmares of a fire breathing dragon. A friend of hers stated that it was as if there was a fire breathing dragon with all the fire and trauma that engulfed the paramedics (Psych Lab Video Case). Last are flashbacks that one will re- experience. â€Å"Flashbacks are sudden memories during which the trauma is replayed in images or thoughts often at full motional intensity† (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The next symptom of PTSD is avoidance. One who suffers from PTSD will avoid all stimuli associated with the trauma. This means avoiding feelings, thoughts, people, places, and activities that remind them of the trauma. One critical symptom of avoidance is a numbing of responsiveness or emotional anesthesia, which causes sufferers to withdraw from others and hide or conceal their emotions. This is known to have a large effect on family and loved ones who attempt to help (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The last symptom of PTSD is arousal or anxiety. PTSD is grouped in the DSM-IV-TR as an anxiety disorder because of the effects of arousal and the secondary anxiety it causes. Anxiety may show itself through hyper-vigilance, restlessness, agitation, irritability, exaggerated startle responses, and excessive fear reactions to unexpected stimuli (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). In order to assess and diagnose a person with PTSD, a person must re-experience the traumatic event at least once, they must have at least three symptoms of avoidance, two hyperarousal symptoms, and symptoms that make it hard to go about their daily life such as school, work, etc. nimh. nih. gov). If a majority of the world’s population experiences many or at least one traumatic event, how is it that not everyone develops PTSD? There a few factors that cause PTSD. Trauma is necessary for PTSD to develop but is not the only cause (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Social factors include the amount of trauma the individual would be subjected to. For example, a police officer would have a higher rate of developing PTSD because of the exposure they commit themselves to as part of their career. Individuals are more likely to develop PTSD depending on the severity of the event. Some people can be categorized as â€Å"risk takers† which would make them more vulnerable to developing PTSD such as a police officer or paramedic. Other risk factors include having a history of mental illness, getting hurt, living through traumas, having no social support or dealing with extra stress after the traumatic event such as loss of loved one (nimh. nih. gov). Prevention of PTSD is possible and circumstances can take place that would help individuals prevent the disorder from developing even though traumatic events that could lead to PTSD are unknown or may come as a surprise. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides mental health assistance after a tragic event. An early intervention is critical. Incident stress debriefing is a five hour group meeting where citizens share events and tragedies after a disaster (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Police officers and all emergency personnel are given some sort of PTSD prevention therapy (Sanford). This is due to the fact that they have a high risk exposure to traumatic events. Treatment for PTSD varies and there several different types of psychotherapies that can be used to treat the disorder as well as medication. The main therapy currently used is cognitive processing therapy, or CPT. Cognitive processing therapy can be done in an individual or a group setting. A therapist will help a patient reevaluate how they feel about a traumatic situation. For example, many victims of sexual violence and rape place the blame on themselves. The efficacy of the therapy has held up. Recently, Congolese women who survived the intense conflict in their country and were subjected to rape and sexual violence underwent months of CPT to ease the post-traumatic stress. The results were promising, though the women appeared to respond better to the group therapy. â€Å"After four months, the proportion of women with probable PTSD dropped from 60 percent to 8 percent in the cognitive processing therapy group; the proportion of those with depression or anxiety plummeted from 71 to 10 percent. Their functional impairment scores dropped by half. In the women who received individual support counseling, rates of probable PTSD, depression or anxiety declined less, from 83 percent to about 54 percent. † (Seppa, 2013) Another helpful PTSD therapy is Prolonged Exposure Therapy or PE. PE requires the patient to expose themselves to safe but uncomfortable situations that they have been avoiding due to their PTSD. The patient is also taught breathing relaxation techniques in order to lessen the anxiety associated with reintroducing themselves to traumatic tasks (U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs). The patient is also asked to talk repeatedly about the traumatic situation which eventually leads to habituation or a neutral response to the once negative stimuli. Medication is the other option for treatment of PTSD. Though it is not completely curable, it can be managed by a wide variety of medications. Currently, the evidence base is strongest for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The only two FDA approved medications for the treatment of PTSD are sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) (1, 2)† (Jeffereys). There are also some obstacles to overcome in getting patients to best respond to this treatment. Patients are often concerned about the side effects of the medication, about learning to rely on the medication rather than fixing the root problem, about getting addicted and they may begin to abuse the medications by mixing them with alcohol if the PTSD is severe (Jeffereys). In addition, recent studies have suggested that long term exposure to anti-depressants may actually hamper a patient’s ability to respond positively to therapy (Nauert, 2013). A new study conducted by researchers at Emory, University of Miami and Scripps Research Institute has showed promise in prevention of PTSD. The results of the study suggest that exposing victims of trauma to morphine immediately after experiencing the distressing event may do more than just ease physical pain. Morphine may also play a role in â€Å"fear learning†. When the drug was administered to a group of mice after exposure to a stressful event, they â€Å"could still learn to become afraid of sounds and shocks, but the fearful memories were not as durable and the mice did not freeze as much in response to the sound alone two days later, even if they had been previously exposed to stress† (Eastman , 2013). Some other â€Å"out of the box† potential treatments include channeling all energy into martial arts training or service dog training (London, 2013). The idea here would be to distract the brain away from the negative thoughts by focusing all the patients’ resources into positive activities.

Redifining Presidency Franklin Delano Roosevelt - 1270 Words

There have been many powerful figures throughout history that have played key political roles to change history such as Napoleon, Agnes Macphail, Gandhi,etc. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, is the only president in American history to be elected four consecutive times. No other president in history led America through some of its greatest domestic, complex and potentially lethal crisis’s, including the Second World War. He redefined each crisis as a chance of opportunity and strived for change of the American people. The measures president Roosevelt took laid a foundation for economic growth and largely shared success in the years after World War II — an era Philip Roth once described as the greatest†¦show more content†¦The military roles of Japan rapidly expanded their empire throughout Asia and in addition tensions grew between itself and America. As conflicts in China arose from the invasions of the Japanese, the American government managed to obtain neutrality, in efforts of avoiding war. Responsively, In 1933 Roosevelt dramatically improved Americas relationship with the Soviet Union, establishing official ties between the two nations. The president anticipated improved relations with the Soviet Union would benefit the deterring of Japanese expansion. The American Navy had gradually developed suspicion of the Japanese Empire. American probability of supplying aid to the Chinese grew after July 7, 1937, when Chinese and Japanese troops clashed on the Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing, throwing the two nations into a full-scale war. As the United States watched Japanese forces sweep down the coast and then into the capital of Nanjing, general opinion fluctuated decisively in favor of the Chinese. The Government and the people of the United States were profoundly surprised after the news of the bombing and destruction by Japanese aircraft of the United States gunboat Panay and three United States mercha nt vessels on the Yangtze River in China December 12, 1937. By 1940 the American policy of neutrality and isolationism gradually shifted to the opposing of war by providing aid to the nations in current conflict with the Axis Powers. In addition Roosevelt

Duties And Responsibilities Of Marriage - 1784 Words

Duties and Responsibilities of Marriages in Heian Ya Gao History 87 Paper#1 Topic A TA: Travis Seifman Section: W. 2-2:50pm Professor: Luke S. Roberts The Tale of Genji, the first novel in the world written by Murasaki Shikibu, describes the life of Hikaru Genji, the second son of the emperor, who lived as an imperial officer. This novel generally not only just shows us the aesthetics of Japanese, but also, more importantly, reveals the cultures, customs and traditions at Heian period in Japan. One of the most significant issues in the novel is the marriage in Heian. Based on the descriptions of the novel, the marriage in Heian was in general the â€Å"marriage politics† , which means the parents would appoint the marriage of their kids. Although the statue of women in religion was lower than men , and it was possible that men had several wives, or mates, both of the husbands and wives had their own duties to fulfill, especially the marriages shown in The Tale of Genji. For the husband, he needed to treat his wife well, at least in front other people. As wives, women needed regard her husband as the center of her life, and h elped her husband the household and be in charge of every detail in the whole family. I will argue that the marriages in Heian involved with the politics, and also were with the importance of equal duties for both husbands and wives. Ivan Morris mentioned that during Heian period, women’s positions were quite â€Å"not happy† . This was because ofShow MoreRelatedDivorce Is The Termination Of The Legal Duties And Responsibilities Of Marriage1296 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is the termination of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thereby dissolving matrimonial bonds between a couple by a court or other competent body. More, and more couples are getting divorced as a result of high conflict, loss of intimacy and connection, and financial problems. 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Compensation Packages And Incentive Schemes - 911 Words

This paper has five further sections. Section two looks into different types of compensation packages and incentive schemes. Section three investigates and analyses the arguments that are put forward in their support, section four investigates the arguments that reject them. Section five considers the motivational theories and their link to compensation packages and incentive schemes with effects of both on individual behaviour. And section six summarises current evidence on the effects of compensation packages and incentive schemes, and their effects on individual behaviour. Compensation Packages and Incentive Schemes (43/500) Reward systems, reward strategies, incentive plans and incentive structures are all terms to describe the systems or plans organisations utilise in order to influence the behaviour of its employees’ (Kerr, 1995; Rubenfeld and David, 2006). 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Determinants of Health Factors Indigenous Population of Australia

Question: Discuss about the Determinants of Health Factors Population of Australia. Answer: Introduction: The health of the indigenous population of Australia is generally worse off than the health of the non-Indigenous people when it comes to the social determinants of health. In the initial life, it is manifested in higher rates of low patterns if disrupted growth of children and lower rates of low birth weight. This report illustrates the state of health of Indigenous people in comparison with the non-Indigenous people (Alligood, 2014, p. 12). The report also describes factors that determine the health of the Indigenous people of Australia. The implications of these factors on the lives and health of the Indigenous inhabitants is also discussed in brief in the report. The health services that the non-indigenous people can access are not accessible to the Indigenous people of Australia. This adds to one of the higher levels of disadvantage for the lives of indigenous people of Australia. In most of the cases, it is because the Aboriginal and the Torres Strait people live in the remote locations than the non-Indigenous people where the all the health services are offered in the urban location (Billings Halstead, 2015). Employment and income Employment and income play significant roles in the obtaining the access to better health for the Indigenous people in Australia. Most of the indigenous people of Australia are not privileged with higher income as the employment scope for them is very limited. The rate of education for these indigenous people of Australia is extremely low both the in quality and quality which has resulted in low income for them. The indigenous people may not be exposed to the similar opportunities so as to obtain healthy food like the non-indigenous people can get. The stores have very less stock of food items like whole meal bread and reduced fat milk as people do not have that much income to buy these products most of the time. Status of the self-assessed health and employment are closely related. Employment is also associated with the behavioural risk factors for the growth of the chronic disease inflicting upon the Indigenous people in Australia (Blais, 2015). According to the data collected from the 2012-2013 AATSIHS, the Indigenous people who were from the age of 15 to 64 who were not employed in the labour force were found to be significantly more prone to have poor health than those not- Indigenous people who were employed in the labour force (Butcher, et al., 2013, p. 15). The Indigenous people who aged between 15 to 64 and were employed were found to less prone to smoking tobacco on a regular basis. The 46% of the Indigenous people who aged from 15 to 64 and were unemployed smoked daily and had their health decrementing as compared to the 36% of the Indigenous people who were employed. 71% of the employed Indigenous people were not obese or overweight as compared to the 59% of those who were unemployed in the whole community and 57% of those who were not in the labour force (Butcher, et al., 2013). The association of the poverty and employment with the status of health of the indigenous people can be analyzed from various ways. Indigenous people who have been employed have are found out to be in good health as more people have the possibility of participating in the labour force if they are in good health. Half of the indigenous people of Australia in the age group of 15 are found out to have a personal income of $362 in a week as compared to $582 or less by the non- indigenous people in Australia. 42% of the Australian indigenous people belonging to the same aged group were employed which shows that higher is the employment rate, the less detriment the health of the Indigenous people is (Butcher, et al., 2013). Thus, the Indigenous Australian who are employed is having better health conditions than the Indigenous people who do not have employment. Hence, poor employment and poverty have been one of the leading factors of health deterioration of the Indigenous people of Australia. Health behaviors and lifestyle Excessive intake of alcohol has been found to have a lot of contribution towards the hampering of health of the Indigenous people in Australia. High doses of alcohol have been leading to many numbers of cases of coronary heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, high blood pressure, stroke, and pancreatitis. The increased amount of alcohol on a regular basis by the Indigenous people in Australia has also led to many injuries resulting from drowning, homicide, and road accidents (Holloway Galvin, 2016, p. 73). Excessive consumption during pregnancy by the indigenous women population has resulted in bad health of the unborn child, miscarriage and many complications post pregnancy for both mother and child. Exposure to the tobacco smoke has also resulted in the risk of infections and development of asthma by the children and the other members living in a house with a regular smoker (Butcher, et al., 2013, p. 10). It was found out that 17% of the indigenous population of Australia belonging to the age group of 15 years and above who are involved in drinking, smoking and other illicit substances have the medium to high levels of health risks (Grohar-Murray, DiCroce Langan, 2016, p. 83). After the adjustments of the age, the proportion of the adults among the Indigenous population who are addicted to drinking, smoking and other drugs are exposed to high levels of major health issues in the Indigenous population of Australia. The indigenous people who are addicted to the illicit substances have been found out to be hospitalized for the mental and behavioural disorders associated with alcohol. The most common cases of mental and behavioural disorders that were found to relevant with the Indigenous people was acute intoxication due to which the indigenous people being hospitalized 15 times more than the rate of hospitalization in the cases of non-Indigenous people of Australia (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). The rate of hospitalization and the liver disease due to alcohol is 9.4 times higher for the Indigenous masses than that for the non-Indigenous people of Australia. This shows that the explicit use alcohol, tobacco, illicit products have major implications on the health of the Indigenous people of Australia. Education Education is the characteristic that is included under the socioeconomic factors of the population. Having the choices and opportunities of the education limits in a poor way will influence the factors that are related to health like lacking proper diet and the accessibility to the health care (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). Getting access to the education is considered to be an important factor for the determinants of the health and the wellbeing of the individual and in turn, the lower education levels are linked often to the features such as the unemployment, housing of low quality, poverty, and the decreased access to the services of health (Education, 2014, p. 43). Three out of six COAG which are closing the targets of the Gap will relate the Indigenous education. Status of education and health Results obtained from the NATSISS in the year 2008 have shown that if the schooling is reaching for higher levels than it is associated positively with the health status. It has been depicted in the following figure: The people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander who are under the age of 15 to 34 years who have completed level 12th were more likely to rate for the health in an excellent and very good manner when compared with that people who have left the school at the 9th standard or below that (59 per cent was compared with 49 per cent). Even those were considered to be less likely to have the rating of health as fair or poor (9 per cent compared with 16 per cent) (Lewis, et al., 2015). While the overall health levels for the Indigenous Australians have been reported lower for the people who are aged by 35 years and more. People who have completed level 12th were more likely to rate their health as very good or excellent- 43 per cent, which is compared with the 25 per cent of the population who have completed only level 9th or below. The associations between the levels of the psychological distress and the completion of the school have been found to be similar. The younger people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander who have completed the level 12th have been less likely to report of having high or very high levels of the psychological distress when compared with the ones who left the school at the level 9th or below that in this 29 per cent was compared with that 35 per cent. Among the population of Indigenous Australian who were aged around 35 years and more the proportions that were corresponding were found to be 20 per cent and 37 per cent respectively (Lewis, et al., 2015). Figure 1: Self-reported health Status Source: (Lewis, et al., 2015) From the studies, it is understood that education is the principal factor for improving the conditions of health and wellbeing. For instance, education of higher levels is found to be connected with having the better understanding of the lifestyles and it being healthy and health care system being good. It also showed that mortality rates are higher for those individuals whose level of education was low, especially for those who are having smoking related diseases. Those people who remained in school and have the tendency of smoking less will be more active and who consumes less alcohol all of these factors will reduce the risk of getting chronic diseases in adults (Lewis, et al., 2015). Racism and racial discrimination Many various forms are taken by racism. The characteristic of racial discrimination will be involving the acts such as if the individual is being treated unfairly or disparaged due to their color, nationality, race, descent, or the ethnic origin. A systematic occurrence of racism might happen as a result of the conditions, policies, and the practices which will affect the wide range of a group of people. High levels of racism are continued to be experienced by the people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia throughout the multiple settings. However, racial discrimination is really hard to measure (Potter, et al., 2016). In between the levels of 16 per cent and 93 per cent the people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander have reported that they are experiencing the racial discrimination. These conclusions have been drawn from the nature of the study from the questions that were asked and the responses that were given depending on the questions. The research conducted by Australians shows that people who are experiencing the racial discrimination are being linked to the poor self-assessment of the status of health, diseases that are related to stress, psychological distress, smoking, diabetes, and the usage of the substance and in general it is having the impact in a negative way of the health (Yoder-Wise, 2014, p. 99). Further, research that has been conducted recently has shown that three people out of the four Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander are experiencing the racial discrimination regularly while evaluating the primary health care, it has been noticed that some of the people were not being diagnosed and are not given the treatment for the disease in the early stages (Stuart, 2014). From the evidence, it is suggested that the racism and the racial discrimination has been found to affect the people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (AIHW 2009d) with various adverse health conditions. The term discrimination in this context will refer to the situations or the places that were reported self at which the individual as a result of being Indigenous have received an unfair treatment (ABS 2010e). Conclusion In the context of Aboriginal, health is considered to be multifaceted and complex in which the physical health of the people, the social and the emotional health and the wellbeing of the entire communities are included. In this essay, the discussion was progressing on the determinants of the health factors on how they impact on the health and well-being of a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background. It has been designed for providing the background information in a broad way and to promote the conversation regarding the various factors and their influence on the health and wellbeing of the individuals. The health issues of the people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander with respect to the factors have been discussed. Though it does not provide the overall picture of the present health system or the experiences that are faced by the Indigenous Australian it briefs out the situations. References Alligood, M.R 2014,Nursing theorists and their work, Elsevier Health Sciences, pp 7-15 Billings, D.M Halstead, J.A, 2015,Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty, Elsevier Health Sciences. Blais, K, 2015.Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives, Pearson. Butcher, H.K, Bulechek, G.M, Dochterman, J.M.M Wagner, C, 2013, Nursing interventions classification (NIC), Elsevier Health Sciences, pp 10-15 Butterworth, T Faugier, J, 2013, Clinical supervision and mentorship in nursing, Springer. Education, P.N, 2014, Advancing Nursing Excellence for Public Protection, pp 23-50 Giger, J.N, 2016, Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention, Elsevier Health Sciences. Grohar-Murray, M.E, DiCroce, H.R Langan, J.C, 2016, Leadership and management in nursing. Pearson, pp 45-90 Hockenberry, M.J Wilson, D, 2014.Wong's nursing care of infants and children, Elsevier Health Sciences. Holloway, I Galvin, K, 2016, Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare, John Wiley Sons, pp 67-90 Lewis, S.L, Maltas, J, Dirksen, S.R Bucher, L, 2015, Study guide for medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems, Elsevier Health Sciences. Moorhead, S, Johnson, M, Maas, M.L Swanson, E, 2014, Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC): measurement of health outcomes, Elsevier Health Sciences. Parahoo, K, 2014, Nursing research: principles, process and issues, Palgrave Macmillan. Potter, P.A, Perry, A.G, Stockert, P Hall, A, 2016, Fundamentals of nursing, Elsevier Health Sciences. Stuart, G.W, 2014, Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing, Elsevier Health Sciences. Yoder-Wise, P.S, 2014, Leading and managing in nursing, Elsevier Health Sciences, pp 45-10